Sesame (Sesamum indicum L., 2n = 26) which belongs to the Sesasum genus of the Pedaliaceae family, is one of the oldest oilseed crops. Its cultivation history can be traced back to 3050-3500 BC in the Harappa Valley of the Indian subcontinent. Sesame is one of the highest oil-contents crops in the world. Here, we de novo assembled 7 chromosomal-level genomes, including a cultivated variety genome named ‘Yuzhi11’ and six wild Sesamum species. These genomes provide insights into the genome evolution of Sesamum species and the karyotype of the Sesamum progenitor, revealing the evolutionary route of Sesamum species from n = 13 to n = 16. The various resources of SesamumGDB provide a strong foundation for improving the molecular breeding of sesame and other oilseed crops.